Wadi el-Gemal Reserve - Hamata National Reserve is one of three national reserves in the Eastern Desert. With an area of ​​7,450 square kilometers, it is the smallest of the three Arabian Desert Reserves, after Elba and Wadi Al-Allaqi Reserves. It is located about 50 kilometers south of Marsa Alam and extends from the Red Sea coast in the east to about 34 degrees 28 degrees east longitude in the west, which is about 70 kilometers inland.
The fault of the mountain range on the Red Sea consists of rough basalt and granite formations, and its highest elevation is in Jabal Shaib Banat at 2187 meters. The catchment area in the rainfall area is 1840 square kilometers and extends from the northern side of Mount Hamata in the south to the southern side of Mount Nogres in the north. Other high mountains are Jebel Hafeet, Jebel Hamamid, Mount Sirtut, and Mount Sikit.
The nature reserve also includes other wadis such as Wadi Abu Ghosn, Wadi El Reinda, and Wadi Al Rada. The boundaries of the land section are the heights of Ras al-Baghdadi, Ras Henkorab, and Sharm El-Luli Bay.
An integrated coastal and marine strip covered with mangroves with an average width of 15 km with four islands carrying mangroves in the Gulan archipelago (also Hamata islands and four islands from north to south: Sial, Schwart, Umm Al-Sheikh, Mahapis, in addition to the tidal island that It has no name) as well as Wadi Al-Jamal Island in the far north of the region, which can be seen in the distance.
The reserve is home to many different species. Camels and wild monkeys live here, and mangrove forests provide a habitat for many species of birds. The lake area is also home to seagrass meadows where manatees, sea turtles, and many fish species find food.
Before the East African savanna zoologist became well known as Thompson and Grant deer, Dorcas deer were considered a model deer. It is the largest population in Egypt, but with an estimated 25-30 animals, it is an endangered species. The IUCN classifies the species as endangered. You can also meet the shy Syrian or Nubian ibex in the park, which is also endangered.
The African (wild) donkey disappeared from large parts of its area of ​​spread in the Roman era and it is an endangered species in the wild.
The largest colony of rocky falcons around the world is located on the island of Wadi el Gemal. Its breeding season is from August to September and moves to Madagascar in October. Due to their small number, they are actually listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. The island is also occupied by a large colony (75% of the total population) of endangered white-eyed gulls, which breed only in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden - with a red-orange beak and a deep black wing cover. There is also a small colony on Giftun Island off Hurghada, but most of them prefer the island in front of Wadi Al-Jamal. Both species are now classified as endangered by the IUCN.
The area was granted natural park status by decree in January 2003 and is home to a variety of plants and animals compared to desert conditions.
Unattended entry into the national park is prohibited, and vehicles such as off-road motorcycles or quads are not officially permitted.
The reserve contains important historical places from the Roman and Ptolemaic periods.
On the reef, which can be seen from the road, is the shipwreck of the first sea lion. A little further south in Abu Ghosoun (Abu Ghosoun), Hamada is located on coral reefs at a depth of between 10 and 18 meters, which is available to divers. The latter was loaded with plastic pellets, and the remains of this cargo can still be found on the Abu Ghosoun beach.
The fault of the mountain range on the Red Sea consists of rough basalt and granite formations, and its highest elevation is in Jabal Shaib Banat at 2187 meters. The catchment area in the rainfall area is 1840 square kilometers and extends from the northern side of Mount Hamata in the south to the southern side of Mount Nogres in the north. Other high mountains are Jebel Hafeet, Jebel Hamamid, Mount Sirtut, and Mount Sikit.
The nature reserve also includes other wadis such as Wadi Abu Ghosn, Wadi El Reinda, and Wadi Al Rada. The boundaries of the land section are the heights of Ras al-Baghdadi, Ras Henkorab, and Sharm El-Luli Bay.
An integrated coastal and marine strip covered with mangroves with an average width of 15 km with four islands carrying mangroves in the Gulan archipelago (also Hamata islands and four islands from north to south: Sial, Schwart, Umm Al-Sheikh, Mahapis, in addition to the tidal island that It has no name) as well as Wadi Al-Jamal Island in the far north of the region, which can be seen in the distance.
The reserve is home to many different species. Camels and wild monkeys live here, and mangrove forests provide a habitat for many species of birds. The lake area is also home to seagrass meadows where manatees, sea turtles, and many fish species find food.
Before the East African savanna zoologist became well known as Thompson and Grant deer, Dorcas deer were considered a model deer. It is the largest population in Egypt, but with an estimated 25-30 animals, it is an endangered species. The IUCN classifies the species as endangered. You can also meet the shy Syrian or Nubian ibex in the park, which is also endangered.
The African (wild) donkey disappeared from large parts of its area of ​​spread in the Roman era and it is an endangered species in the wild.
The largest colony of rocky falcons around the world is located on the island of Wadi el Gemal. Its breeding season is from August to September and moves to Madagascar in October. Due to their small number, they are actually listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. The island is also occupied by a large colony (75% of the total population) of endangered white-eyed gulls, which breed only in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden - with a red-orange beak and a deep black wing cover. There is also a small colony on Giftun Island off Hurghada, but most of them prefer the island in front of Wadi Al-Jamal. Both species are now classified as endangered by the IUCN.
The area was granted natural park status by decree in January 2003 and is home to a variety of plants and animals compared to desert conditions.
Unattended entry into the national park is prohibited, and vehicles such as off-road motorcycles or quads are not officially permitted.
The reserve contains important historical places from the Roman and Ptolemaic periods.
On the reef, which can be seen from the road, is the shipwreck of the first sea lion. A little further south in Abu Ghosoun (Abu Ghosoun), Hamada is located on coral reefs at a depth of between 10 and 18 meters, which is available to divers. The latter was loaded with plastic pellets, and the remains of this cargo can still be found on the Abu Ghosoun beach.
Protected components
The reserve consists of various environmental elements, the most important of which are:
- Wadi el-Gemal Basin: It is one of the largest and richest valleys in the Eastern Desert with living creatures.
- Mount Hamata: It is one of the highest mountains in the eastern desert, and it contains great biological diversity.
- Mangrove forest: extends along regions of the region's coasts.
- Coral reefs: They are found along the shore, or as islands submerged in the middle of the sea, and they still maintain their pristine nature.
- Sea weeds: It has special importance for some rare organisms; And to breed fish as well.
- Beaches: Characterized by several islands where birds and sea turtles reproduce.
- Sandy beaches: characterized by the abundance of sea turtles on them.
- Biodiversity: It is represented by the multiplicity of ecosystems and their biological organisms, whether terrestrial or marine.
- Natural features and geological features: These are represented by geological structures and landscapes of aesthetic value
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